一、

1. Budget―预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a

guide in making financial arrangements.

2. Return―回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.

3. Portfolio―证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of

deposits for purposes other than controlling

4. Royalty―专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the

owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.

5. Expertise―专门知识expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-how.

6. Licensor―认证颁发者a person or company granting a license.

7. Patent―专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make

and sell a newly-invented machine or process.

8. Non-tariff barrier―非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs,

including prohibitions and quotas, etc.

9. Turnkey contract"交钥匙"合同―one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete

product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.

10. Franchise―经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the

exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.

二、

1. Purchasing power―购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.

2. Assess―估价to judge an amount or value.

3. spur―刺激to urge or encourage

4. average―平数均of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount

5. Productive―有成效的,多产的producing in high efficiency or in large quantity

6. tap―开发,利用to take what is needed from, to exploit

7. Infrastructure―基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio

communications, etc. needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce.

8. recipient―接受者a person or an organization etc. that receives something

9. consumerism―消费主义considerable desire to make purchase for consumption

10. PPP―购买力平价purchasing power parity

三、

1. liberalization―自由化of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports

2. integration―一体化combining into the whole

3. tariff―关税tax levied by the customs

4. barriers to trade贸易壁垒―any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its

country.

5. Mobility―机动性capacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place.

6. detour―绕道route that avoids a blocked road; deviation

7. banknote―纸币printed paper money issued by a bank, usu. the country’s central bank.

8. erode―侵蚀wear away, eat into

9. envisage―想象picture(an event, action, etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imagine

10. veto―否决权right to reject or forbid something

四、

1. affiliate―分公司a subsidiary company controlled by another

2. assets―资产total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.

3. world company―a multinational whose national identity has been blurred

4. facilities―设施,设备something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular

service

5. revenue―收益the total annual income of state

6. decentralize―使分权distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area

7. nationalize―使国有化to bring under the control or ownership of a nation\

8. welfare―福利well-being

9. framework―体系organization structure

10. input―投入something that is put in business operation

五、

1. service―服务something done to help or benefit others

2. abundant―充裕的plentiful, more than enough

3. specialization―专门化to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields

4. primary commodities―初级商品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm

produce or raw materials

5. incentive―刺激,鼓励that which incites, rouses or encourages a person

6. alternative―二选一,供选择的that may be had, used etc. In place of something. else

7. intuitive―直觉relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study

8. efficient―高效的,胜任的producing a desired or satisfactory result; able to perform duties well

9. endowment―天赋a natural gift or ability

10. exploit―开发to develop the use of, make the best use of

六

1. drawback―退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported

2. highlight―强调to make prominent; to draw special attention

3. bulky―笨重的,庞大的taking a lot of space, and often of a shape difficult to handle

4. perishable―易腐烂的easily to go bad

5. tariff―关税duties imposed on goods imported and exported

6. specific duties―从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods

7. ad valorem duties―从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods

8. unilaterally―单方面地done by one side or party only

9. maritime―海事的,海上的connected with the sea or navigation

10. remittance―汇款money sent by post

七

1. law suit―诉讼案件legal prosecution

2. dispute―争论,辩驳argument or controversy

3. remedy―补救,矫正method of putting right something that is wrong

4. amendment―修正changes made to something

5. Incoterms―国际贸易术语解释通则a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms

6. present―提交submit

7. premise―前提a tract of land including its buildings

8. heading―主题category

9. classification―分类,类别the arrangement of things by groups

10. carriage―运输the price or cost of transportation

八

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

九

1.

2.

3.

4. business line―业务范围goods dealt in by a company voluntary offer―主动推荐an offer made on the initiative of the offeror contract―合约an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties indispensable―不可缺少的absolutely necessary contract proper―合同条款the main body of a contract contracting parties―契约当事人,签约各方signatories of an agreement force majeure―不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party purchase contract―购货合同a contract made by the buyer firm offer―实盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer offeree―受要约人the party to whom an offer is made

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

十

1. debtor―借方,债务人a person who owes money

2. default―不履行责任fail to carry out an obligation

3. dubious―可疑的doubtful, uncertain, questionable

4. draft―汇票an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money

5. remittance―汇款the sending of money or the money sent

6. fluctuation―波动,起伏irregular movement of (prices, exchange rates etc.)

7. drawer―出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter

8. sound―有效的,合理的financially satisfactory

9. ban―禁止,剥夺权利prohibit, forbid

10. drawee―付款人the person to whom a draft is drawn

十一

1. credit-worthiness―信用可靠性,信誉being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment

2. substantial―大量的large, great, considerable

3. constitute―建立,制定make up; amount to; form

4. applicant of an L/C―开证申请人the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C

5. beneficiary―受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export

6. discrepancy―差异,不一致difference; absence of agreement

7. confirming bank―保兑银行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C

8. bill of exchange―汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment

9. underlying―基本的,优先的forming the basis of

10. reimburse―退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent

popular―受欢迎的liked and admired hyperinflation―恶性通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control nflation―通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc. protectionism―贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports bilateral―双边的of two sides bundling―捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together expertise―专门知识expert skill or knowledge creditors―债权人a person to whom one owns money transferable―可转让的possible to be handed over verified data―核实数据authentic materials

十二

1. clean credit―清洁信用a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment

2. cancel―作废,注销not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon

3. leading bank―牵头行major bank, most important bank

4. impeccable―无瑕疵的faultless

5. insolvent―无力偿还的unable to pay debts

6. sight credit―即付信用状a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft

7. maturity―到期becoming due

8. after sight―见票后照付after presentation of draft

9. middleman―中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer

10. sustain―认可,经受suffer

十三

1. documentation―文件,证明文件the presentation and use of shipping documents

2. consignee―承销人,收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped

3. shipping marks―唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of

transportation

4. discrepancy―差异,不一致absence of agreement

5. liability―责任,债务what one is responsible for according to law

6. apparent―明显的,表面上的according to appearance; seeming

7. insurance policy―保险单a document used for covering possible risks

8. discount―折扣,贴现率amount of money that may be taken off the full amount

9. title―头衔,权利right to the possession of a position or property

10. invoice―发票a document for the general description of the goods and the price

11.

十四

1. alternative―两者择一的,供选择的a choice from two or more possibilities.

2. modes―模式different forms of transportation

3. fundamental―根本的,重要的very important

4. ownership―所有权legal right of possession

5. intermediate products―中间商品semi-manufactures

6. commercial intercourse―贸易往来,通商business dealings between individuals or firms

7. unload―卸下,卸货getting goods off a carrier

8. package―包装, 打包combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit

9. distribution―分配,散布,销售量the marketing, transporting, merchandising, and selling of any item

10. destination―目的地,终点the terminal to which goods are sent

十五

1. insured―被保险者a person covered by an insurance policy

2. premium―保险费,溢价the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract

3. potential loss―潜在损失loss which is possible to incur

4. viability―可行性ability to succeed in operation

5. claim―请求,索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy

6. margin―保证金amount above what is estimated as necessary

7. underwriter―保险商a person who carries on insurance as a business

8. consumption―消费,消耗the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable advantage

9. compensation―补偿,保险金something given or received as an equivalent for loss

10. pooling―联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage

十六

1. field―领域a sphere of activity

2. incidence―发生(率),入射occurrence

3. multi-modal transportation―多式联运transport that combines road, rail, sea and air

4. diminish―减少,减损the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss

5. indemnity―赔偿compensation for loss

6. subrogate―代理, 代替to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person

7. legal action―法律诉讼an action taken against someone in accordance with the law

8. leader―领导者,指挥者an insurer who is well-known in a particular class of business

9. deposit―定金money paid as part payment that is owned

10. compulsory―强制的that must be done

十七

1. peg―支柱, 钉to keep fixed or unchanged

2. redeem―兑现,偿还to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock

3. settlement―结算,协议the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc

4. exchange rate―汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency

5. fluctuations―波动upward and downward movements in the economic system

6. gold reserves―黄金储备the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold

standard.

7. money circulation―货币流通量money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services

8. devaluation―货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of

gold or as compared with other currencies

9. offset―补偿,抵消,弥补to set one value against another or as equal to another

10. par―同等, 票面价值equal in value, on the same level

十八

1. affiliate―分公司,附属机构a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern

2. institutions―体系an organization or establishment devoted to the promotion of a particular object

3. productivity―生产率,生产力power of being productive

4. loans―贷款something lent on condition of being returned, especially a sum of money lent at interest

5. prerequisite―先决条件,前提required as a condition for something else

6. cyclical―循环的,周期的recurring in cycles

7. maturity―(支票等的)到期the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due

8. reserve―预备品,贮存money held aside to meet future demand

9. investment―投资,投资额,投入the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns

10. stringent―严格的strict, that must be obeyed

十九

12. quota―限额,配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity

13. VER―自愿碳减排交易模式an agreement by a country’s exporters or government to limit their exports or

government to limit their exports to another country

14. acquisition―获得,所获之物company expansion through the phrase of other business

15. synergy―协同作用,增效作用benefits from combining different business, normally claimed by the promoters of

mergers

16. rebate―减少,回扣reduce

17. intellectual property―知识产权certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent

18.

19.

20.

21.

二十

1. market place―商业中心地,市场a place in which securities are sold and bought

2. securities―股票,有价证券stocks and bonds

3. gilts―优良证券,金边证券,即国债stocks issued by government

4. information―信息,情报knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance

5. qualifications―资格,合格证书competence

6. membership―成员资格,会员全体the state of being a member of a certain organization

7. practitioner―从业者,实践者a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation

8. cost-effective―有成本效益的,划算的producing optimum results for the expenditure

9. shortfall―不足,差额deficiency

10. equities―(无固定利息的)股票company stocks

二十一

1. ratify―批准,认可make an arrangement or a treaty officially valid by signing it.

2. controversy―争议,(公开的)争论public argument about sth. which many people disagree with

3. biennial―两年一次的happening every alternate year

4. clout―影响力influence

5. anti-dumping―反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair

competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured

6. mandate―授权authority given to perform a duty

7. stillborn―流产(of a child) dead at birth; (of an idea or a plan) not developing further

8. contracting party―立约者a country or firm that signs a legal agreement

9. akin to―类似, 近于similar, related to

10. optimal―最理想的,最佳的best or most favorable

二十二

1. terms of trade―进出口货价之间的比率the relation of export and import prices

2. preference―优惠,偏爱,优先a practical advantage given to one over others

3. export earnings―出口收益money earned on the sales of goods to other countries

4. provisions―规定条款a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded

5. tariffs―关税customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exports

6. invisible―看不见的,无形的trade in services

7. board―董事会an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firm

8. permanent―永久的,持久的lasting

9. counterpart―职务相当的人,对应物a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function

10. forum―讨论会,论坛an outlet for discussion of matters of interest to a given group protection, registered trademarks and designs, and copy-right tax holiday―免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied return―（收益)回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment access―进入, 使用之权a way by which a place, esp. property, can be reached or entered or used joint venture―合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms